HERE IS AN ENTRY OF INDIVIDUALS WHO ARE IN TROUBLE FOR ONE REASON OR ANOTHER, IT EVENTS IN 1959, HUNGARIANS IN 1956. DURING THE FORD ADMINISTRATION, THE ADMISSION OF 360,000 VIETNAMESE, 14,000 LEBANESE. WHENEVER THERE IS A WORLD CRISIS , PRESIDENTS HAVE THE OPTION OF RESPONDING. IN ADDITION TO THAT, AFTER THE 1986 IMMIGRATION REFORM AND CONTROL ACT, THERE WERE ADJUSTMENTS MADE BY THE REAGAN ADMINISTRATION IN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION TO BRING IN PARENTS, CHILDREN OF THOSE WHO HAD BEEN AMNESTY. IT WAS IN THE INTEREST OF KEEPING FAMILIES TOGETHER. HOST: GOING FURTHER THAN THAT, HOW LONG HAS CONGRESS LEGISLATED ON IMMIGRATION? WHAT IS OUR HISTORY WITH LEGISLATION ON IMMIGRATION, IN TERMS OF SETTING |
00:02:02 | Bill ScanlanLIMIT AND WHO AND WHEN THEY CAN COME INTO THIS COUNTRY? GUEST: BY THE 1870'S, WE SEE CONGRESS LEGISLATING TO EXCLUDE PEOPLE CONSIDERED TO BE CRIMINALS, IMBECILES, A CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS IN |
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00:02:26
| Alan M. Kraut THOSE DAYS, PROSTITUTES, AND SO ON. IN 1882, THE CHINESE EXCLUSION LAW, WHICH IS A DRAMATIC PIECE OF LEGISLATION TO EXCLUDE CHINESE WORKERS FROM COMING TO THE UNITED STATES. IN THE 1890'S, BEGINNING IN 1891, THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MOVES INTO A CONTROLLING POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE ANGER -- WITH RESPECT TO THE INTERROGATION AND OF IMMIGRANTS COMING INTO THE UNITED STATES. IT HAS BEEN THAT WAY EVER SINCE. IN 1924, THERE IS DRAMATIC RESTRICTIONS PASSED BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, CONGRESS, THE JOHNSON READ IMMIGRATION ACT, WHICH IMPOSED QUOTAS ON IMMIGRANTS COMING TO THE UNITED STATES. A VERY RESTRICTIVE POLICY. THAT WAS NOT REVISED UNTIL 1955. WE HAVE NOT HAD, OTHER THAN IRCA , A MAJOR OVERHAUL OF THE IMMIGRATION POLICY. HOST: WHEN YOU LOOK AT THESE, HAVE THEY ALWAYS BEEN ACCOMPANIED WITH THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT FOR BOTH THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERS OF CONGRESS? |
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00:03:52
| Bill Scanlan GUEST: ALMOST ALWAYS. THERE IS AN OLD SAYING, AMERICA BECKONS, BUT AMERICANS REPEL. |
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00:04:05
| Alan M. Kraut WHAT THIS SAYING MEANS IS THE OPPORTUNITIES OF AMERICAN LIFE, OF ACHIEVING SUCCESS IN THE UNITED STATES ARE DANGLED BEFORE IMMIGRANTS. AFTER THEY GET HERE, THEY FIND THE WELCOME MAT IS NOT ALWAYS OUT. THROUGHOUT AMERICAN HISTORY, THE DEBATE ABOUT WHO SHOULD COME, HOW MANY SHOULD COME, ARE ALMOST CONSTANT. HOST: LET'S LOOK AT THE NUMBERS. WHO WILL BE AFFECTED BY OBAMA'S IMMIGRATION PLANS? |
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00:04:42
| Bill Scanlan 4 MILLION UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS COULD GAIN PROTECTION FROM DEPORTATION. 200 5000 COULD GAIN PROTECTION BY ELIMINATING THE AGE CUT OFF. 85,000 COULD GAIN PROTECTION BY GRANTING DOCK A ELIGIBILITY. THEY ALSO SAY THAT 1.2 ARE ALREADY PROTECTED BY DACA. THAT WAS AN ORDER OF THE PRESIDENT PREVIOUSLY ISSUED. HOW DOES THIS COMPARE TO PREVIOUS ACTIONS? GUEST: PREVIOUS ACTIONS, ABOUT 1.5 MILLION PEOPLE. OTHER CASES, WHERE INDIVIDUALS, DEPORTATIONS HAVE BEEN |
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00:05:34
| Alan M. Kraut DEFERRED, IN THE CASE OF RONALD REAGAN. DEPARTURE WAS RESCINDED BECAUSE OF A CRISIS. THIS IS A PROPORTIONATE NUMBER TWO WHAT HAPPENED EARLIER. FROM TIME TO TIME, HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS OF IMMIGRANTS HAVE HAD THEIR DEPORTATIONS DEFERRED FOR VARIOUS REASONS. HOST: WE ARE GOING TO OPEN UP OUR PHONE LINES. DEMOCRATS, (202) 585-3880. REPUBLICANS, (202) 585-3881. INDEPENDENTS, (202) 585-3882. |
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00:06:10
| Bill Scanlan AS WE GET A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON CHANGES IMMIGRATION POLICY, WHAT DOES YOUR INSTITUTE DO? >> IT ANALYZES IMMIGRATION POLICY. ON YOUR SHOW LAST WEEK, YOU HAD DORIS |
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00:06:36
| Unidentified Speaker MEISNER. SHE IS AN EXECUTIVE OF THE MIGRATION POLICY INSTITUTE. HOST: HAVE EVEN ABLE TO ANALYZE THE PRESIDENT'S ORDER? GUEST: THAT IS NOT MY ROLE. |
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00:07:02
| Bill Scanlan |
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00:07:08
| Alan M. Kraut HOST: WILL THEY PROVIDE AN ANALYSIS ON THE PRESIDENT'S PLAN ACTIONS? LET'S GO TO CALLS. READING, |
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00:07:24
| Bill Scanlan PENNSYLVANIA. CALLER: THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT. IN MY |
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00:07:38
| CALLER OPINION, I AM AN IMMIGRANT, I HAVE BEEN HERE. WE FIGHT BACK AND FOURTH, COMMON SENSE. THAT IS THE NAME OF THE GAME. IF THE GUY HAS ILLEGAL ALIENS, 50 YEARS IN PRISON, $1 MILLION FINE. YOU SEND THEM ALL BACK AND REPLACE THEM WITH THE WELFARE DEPARTMENT. YOU PUT THE NATIONAL GUARD. IF THEY COME IN, DRUG DEALERS, YOU SHOOT THEM. HOST: HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN IN THE COUNTRY? >CALLER: I CAME HERE IN 1952. |
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00:08:33
| Bill Scanlan HOST: WHAT WOULD THE ENVIRONMENT HAVE BEEN IN THE EARLY 1950'S? GUEST: IT WAS A COLD WAR ISSUE. IT WAS A TIME |
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00:08:43
| Bill Scanlan WHEN THE UNITED STATES WANTED TO ADMIT MIGRANTS FROM COMMUNIST COUNTRIES, SIGNS THAT |
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00:08:51
| Alan M. Kraut THEY PREFERRED DEMOCRACY RATHER THAN THE OPPRESSIONS OF THE SOVIET REGIME AND SO ON. IT WAS ALSO A TIME WHEN THERE WAS A GREAT DEAL OF CONCERN ABOUT ADMITTING IMMIGRANTS WHO MIGHT BRING WITH THEM IDEOLOGIES TO THE UNITED STATES. THIS WAS A PERIOD OF LOW IMMIGRATION BEFORE IT PICKS UP AGAIN IN THE 1970'S. WE BEGIN TO SEE ANOTHER SPIKE. HOST: WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF THAT SPIKE? GUEST: THE END OF THE WAR IN VIETNAM, BUT ALSO UNREST AND |
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00:09:31
| Bill Scanlan ECONOMIC UNREST AND DIFFICULTIES IN |
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00:09:37
| Alan M. Kraut MEXICO. YOU HAVE LARGE NUMBERS OF LATIN AMERICANS AND MEXICANS AND SOUTHEAST ASIANS COMING TO THE UNITED STATES. HOST: FORT WORTH, TEXAS, GO AHEAD. CALLER: I WANT TO COMMENT ON THE STATEMENT A LADY MADE EARLIER. |
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00:09:59
| Bill Scanlan |
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00:10:06
| CALLER PRESIDENT OBAMA -- SINCE HE HAS BEEN IN OFFICE. HE HAS WORKED HARDER THAN ANY OTHER PRESIDENT TO MAKE THINGS RIGHT. GUEST: LET ME FOLLOW ON HER COMMENT. UNDER THE PLAN, |
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00:10:42
| Alan M. Kraut AN ESTIMATED 250,000 FARMWORKERS WOULD BE ELIGIBLE FOR RELIEF FROM DEPORTATION. THIS IS A FRACTION OF THE TOTAL NUMBER OF UNDOCUMENTED WORKERS IN THE U.S. THEY HOPE HIS DECISION TO TAKE ACTION WILL PROPEL CONGRESS TO ACHIEVE A LEGISLATIVE SOLUTION THAT ADDRESS IS AT WORK ULTRA -- THAT EDGE WRESTLES AGRICULTURAL -- THAT ADDRESSES AGRICULTURAL NEEDS. HISTORICALLY, HOW MUCH HAVE WE RELIED ON UNDOCUMENTED GUEST: WE HAVE BEEN VERY DEPENDENT ON MIGRANT WORKERS COMING FROM MEXICO. AT ONE POINT DURING THE MID-20TH CENTURY, WE HAD A SPECIAL |
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00:11:36
| Alan M. Kraut PROGRAM THAT BROUGHT MEXICAN WORKERS INTO THE UNITED STATES. THIS WAS VALUABLE DURING WARTIME , DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR WHEN SOMA MANY AMERICAN-BORN WORKERS WERE AWAY AT WAR. WE HAVE ALWAYS BEEN DEPENDENT UPON THIS MIGRANT LABOR FORCE COMING UP TO PLANT AND HARVEST AND SO ON. WE HAVE NOT TREATED THEM WELL TO BE SURE. I THINK THIS NEW PLAN, THIS POSSIBILITY OF LEGALIZING SOME OF THESE MIGRANT WORKERS WOULD BE OF A NORMA'S BENEFIT TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURE -- ENORMOUS BENEFIT TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURE. HOST: YOU HEAR PEOPLE SAY THAT THEY ARE TAKING JOBS AWAY FROM AMERICAN CITIZENS. HOW VALID IS THAT? GUEST: IN THE |
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00:12:30
| Bill Scanlan AGRICULTURE CIRCLE, IT'S NOT. IN OTHER |
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00:12:39
| Alan M. Kraut SECTORS, IT IS AN ISSUE OF HAVING A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA OR NOT HAVING A HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA, THERE MIGHT BECOME PETITION FOR JOBS. NOT IN AGRICULTURE. >> HOST: EDDIE IS IN LOS ANGELES. |
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00:12:56
| Unidentified Speaker CALLER: THEIR MYTH ME ONE SECOND. I HAVE TWO QUESTIONS. IN THAT STATEMENT THAT YOU JUST |
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00:13:03
| Bill Scanlan MADE, YOU DON'T SPEAK OF THE BLACK COMMUNITY |
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00:13:09
| CALLER WHEN YOU SAY THESE THINGS. TRUMAN IN THE 50'S, HE DEPORTED MILLIONS. THIS ILL LEGAL IMMIGRATION WAS NOT A PROBLEM UNTIL 1974. EVERYTHING THAT BLACK PEOPLE WANTED, THEY REMOVED US FROM THE WORKFORCE. THIS IS A RACIST PROBLEM BY THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. SOMEBODY ELSE SAID THAT THE INDIANS WERE HERE FIRST. CALIFORNIA WAS NAMED AFTER A BLACK WOMAN. YOU NEED TO PUT YOUR HISTORY AND PERSPECTIVE ARE I THINK IT'S WATERED DOWN. THIS IS TRYING TO STOP THE BLACK MAN FROM WORKING. HOST: WE WILL GET A RESPONSE. GUEST: THE RESPONSES THAT'S A GREAT EXAGGERATION. THIS IS NOT BEEN DESIGNED |
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00:14:05
| Bill Scanlan TO PRESENT AFRICAN AMERICANS FROM HAVING JOBS OR TO CREATE |
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00:14:08
| Alan M. Kraut A COMPETITION BETWEEN THE FOREIGN-BORN AND AFRICAN-AMERICANS. IT IS TRUE THAT ONE OF THE ADVANTAGES TO THE FOREIGN-BORN, ESPECIALLY IN THIS. OF UNDOCUMENTED FOREIGN-BORN, IS THAT THEY WORK FOR VERY LOW WAGES. THE COMPETITION IS NOT IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR. BY AND LARGE, THERE IS AN EXAGGERATION OF THE DEGREE TO WHICH THIS IS A PLOT SOMEHOW BY SOMEONE TO PREVENT AFRICAN-AMERICANS FROM HAVING JOBS OR FROM SUCCEEDING WITHIN THE ECONOMY. AS FOR THE ISSUE IF UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS HAS BEEN A PROBLEM THROUGHOUT AMERICAN HISTORY, THAT IS TRUE. THIS IS NOT THE FIRST TIME AMERICANS HAVE SPOKEN ABOUT WERE REFERRED TO UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS. ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION HAS BEEN A CONSTANT EVER SINCE THE RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION OF THE 1920'S. HOST: THE CALLER MENTIONED TRUMAN AND PARTICULAR. WAS HE ACCURATE ABOUT THAT? |
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00:15:24
| Bill Scanlan GUEST: YES, BUT NOT IN THE PROPORTIONS HE IS TALKING ABOUT. THEY WERE AMERICAN -- MEXICAN WORKERS WHO |
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00:15:33
| Alan M. Kraut HAD BEEN IN THE UNITED STATES. THEY HAD COME UP DURING THE WAR. HOST: THIS HAPPENED AFTER THE WAR? SUSAN IS IN KINGSTON, ILLINOIS. |
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00:15:45
| Bill Scanlan CALLER: I AGREE WITH ONE OF YOUR FORMER COLLARS ABOUT -- IT'S A SHAME. SENATOR MCCONNELL BRINGS |
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00:15:55
| CALLER A SHAME ONTO ALL WHITE PEOPLE. HE DOESN'T HAVE ANY LATINO FRIENDS OR AFRICAN-AMERICAN FRIENDS. ACCUSE PERCENT OF AMERICA CAN REALLY TELL IF SOMEBODY ISN'T URBAN OR CALLED SOMETHING URBAN OR SOCIALIST IT REMINDS ME OF PEOPLE WHO ARE IN MARIJUANA. MCCONNELL JUST PLAYS SO MANY GAMES. TO DO IT FOR POLITICAL REASONS AND PUT THE FEAR OUT THERE. PEOPLE ARE OVERWHELMING TO TAKE OUR JOBS. THAT DOESN'T MAKE SENSE AND THERE ARE SO MANY PEOPLE, IF REPUBLICANS WEREN'T SO INTO THEIR OWN LITTLE GROUPS IF THEY WERE OUT THERE IN THE WORLD AND MEETING PEOPLE, I GRADUATED WITH 4000 PEOPLE IN THE CHICAGO AREA. WHEN YOU ARE USED TO BEING MIXED WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE, IT'S VERY OBVIOUS TO THE PERSON THAT IS NOT WORLDLY. YOU ARE EXPERIENCED IF YOU HAVE A LOT OF DIFFERENT EXPERIENCES WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF PEOPLE, YOU UNDERSTAND THINGS. I THINK IT STICKS OUT WHAT A SORE THUMB THAT THEY ARE OUT OF IT. PEOPLE HERE ALREADY HAVE JOBS. IT IS LOOKING DOWN TO EVEN SAY THAT YOU'RE GOING TO BE OVERWHELMED. THAT PROVES THAT THEY DON'T -- MY MEXICAN AMERICAN FRIENDS ARE NOT UNEDUCATED. IT'S A REAL SHAME. HOST: WE APPRECIATE YOUR COMMENTS. GUEST: I THINK SHE'S ABSOLUTELY RIGHT IN TERMS OF A CONCERN IN AMERICAN HISTORY ABOUT IMMIGRANTS COMING |
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00:17:51
| Bill Scanlan AND ALTERING THE CULTURE AS WELL AS COMPETING WITH AMERICANS FOR JOBS. |
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00:17:55
| Alan M. Kraut THIS HAS BEEN A CONSTANT IN AMERICAN HISTORY. IF YOU LOOK AT THE EARLY PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY WHEN EUGENICS WAS VERY MUCH IN VOGUE, ONE NATIVIST WROTE THAT AMERICA WAS COMMITTING RACE SUICIDE BY ADMITTING IMMIGRANTS FROM A SOUTHERN AND EASTERN EUROPE INTO THE UNITED STATES. ANYBODY WHO WAS SWARTHY OF COMPLEXION OR DIFFERENT FROM THE PIONEERING BREED WAS LOOKED ON WITH TREMENDOUS SUSPICION. HOST: PAUL KRAUT IS FROM AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. GUEST: MY OWN EXPERIENCE GROWING UP IN NEW YORK CITY, I GREW UP IN THE SOUTH ROCKS AT A MOMENT |
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00:18:42
| Bill Scanlan WHEN THERE WERE LOTS OF MIGRANTS COMING NORTH FROM PUERTO |
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00:18:47
| Alan M. Kraut RICO AND BLACK MIGRANTS COMING OUT OF THE WEST INDIES AND MOVING INTO THE BRONX, THESE ARE MY FRIENDS AND PEOPLE THAT I PLAYED STICK ALL WITH ON THE STREETS OF NEW YORK. MY INTEREST IN MIGRATION COMES FROM MY OWN EXPERIENCE OF THESE YOUNGSTERS WHO I PLAYED WITH AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH I GREW UP. WHEN I WENT TO GRADUATE SCHOOL, I WORKED ON THE ANTI-SLAVERY MOVEMENT. I WAS ALSO INTERESTED IN MOVING TOWARD THE HISTORY OF IMMIGRATION IN THE UNITED STATES. I SPENT A GOOD DEAL OF MY CAREER STUDYING EMIGRATION AS WELL AS SOME OF THE IMPLICATIONS. HOST: LET'S GET BACK TO THE PRESIDENT'S PLAN. THE NEW YORK TIMES WROTE ABOUT THAT. |
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00:19:36
| Bill Scanlan IN NUMBERS, THAT IS CLOSE TO WHAT THE PRESIDENT IS CALLING FOR. WHAT WAS DIFFERENT ABOUT WHAT PRESIDENT REAGAN DID IN 1986? GUEST: IT FOLLOWED CONGRESSES ACT OF LEGISLATION. THE SAME THING WAS TRUE OF THE FOLLOW-UP |
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00:20:48
| Alan M. Kraut AFTER GEORGE H BUSH. TINKERING THE NUMBERS TO KEEP FAMILIES TOGETHER DURING THAT. WHAT THE PERSON IS SAYING HERE IS THAT THIS IS UNPRECEDENTED BECAUSE THE PRESIDENT IS TAKING THE INITIATIVE AND CONGRESS HASN'T PASSED A BILL YET. IT'S NOT UNPRECEDENTED. PRESIDENTS ENGAGE IN ACTION THAT CONCERN DEPORTATION OR BRINGING IMMIGRANTS INTO THE UNITED STATES. THE PRESIDENT HAS INVITED THE CONGRESS TO PASS A BILL. HE HAS INVITED THEM TO TAKE THE INITIATIVE AND CONSIDER THE BILL PASSED BY THE SENATE OR INTRODUCE NEW LEGISLATION. THE NOTION THAT SOMEHOW THE PRESIDENT IS TRYING TO COMPLETELY SIDESTEP THE CONGRESS AND PUSH CONGRESS AT OF THE IMMIGRATION PICTURE IS SIMPLY INCORRECT. HOST: LET'S GO BACK TO CALLS. GOOD MORNING. CALLER: GOOD MORNING. I AGREE WITH THE LAST CALLER. |
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00:22:02
| Bill Scanlan I UP |
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00:22:04
| CALLER PLOT THE PRESIDENT FOR WHAT HE IS TRYING TO DO. HE IS TRYING TO HELP ALL IMMIGRANTS. MY QUESTION FOR THE PROFESSOR IS WHY IS IT THAT WHEN PEOPLE ARE REFERRING TO IMMIGRANTS, THEY SEEM TO LABEL THEM AS MEXICANS OR HISPANIC? THAT SEEMS LIKE A RACIST TONE THAT WE DON'T WANT YOU PEOPLE HERE. WE DON'T LIKE THAT YOU ARE HERE. YOU ARE GOING TO TAKE ALL OF OUR JOBS. IMMIGRANTS COME IN ALL COLORS AND EVERYONE HAS ANCESTORS WHO WERE NOT BORN IN THE UNITED STATES. WHY SO MUCH RACISM AND WHY ARE PEOPLE HATEFUL? THAT IS WHAT EVERYBODY IS SEEN ON TV. IT LOOKS REALLY BAD AND MOST OF THE REPUBLICANS ARE THE ONES TALKING LIKE THIS. IF THEY THINK THAT IS GOING TO MAKE PEOPLE VOTE FOR REPUBLICANS , YOU'RE KIDDING YOURSELF. HOST: ANY THOUGHTS? GUEST: THE CLASSIC IMAGE OF THE UNDOCUMENTED ALIEN |
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00:23:21
| Bill Scanlan IS THE "WETBACK" |
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00:23:28
| Alan M. Kraut WHO CROSSED THE RIO GRANDE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE NIGHT AND IS NOW COMPETING WITH AMERICANS FOR JOBS. THE HISTORY OF RACISM THAT CONTEXTUALIZES THAT IMAGE GOES WAY BACK IN AMERICAN HISTORY. ANTI-AMERICAN MEXICAN -- ANTI-MEXICAN FEELING BASED ON RACE IS AN OLD STORY. ONE OF THE INTERESTING THINGS IS YOU DON'T HEAR NEARLY AS MANY RACIAL EPITHETS HURLED AT INDIANS, PAKISTANIS, ASIAN IMMIGRANTS WHO ARE VERY IMPORTANT TO THE HIGH-TECH SECTOR OF THE UNITED STATES. ONE OF THE THINGS ABOUT MANY BUSINESS ORIENTED REPUBLICANS IS THEY ARE IN FAVOR OF A LIBERAL IMMIGRATION POLICY. THEY VERY MUCH WANT TO TAP INTO THE EXPERTISE AND THE RESOURCES THAT ARE COMING OUT OF SOUTH ASIA AND BRING THEM TO THE UNITED STATES. I HAVE HEARD REPUBLICAN BUSINESSMEN SAY THAT WHEN FOREIGN-BORN STUDENTS GRADUATE FROM AN AMERICAN UNIVERSITY, THEY SHOULD BE GIVEN A GREEN CARD AND A DIPLOMA TO MAKE SURE THAT THEY ARE OF BENEFIT TO THE AMERICAN ECONOMY. HOST: A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS FROM TWITTER. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN IMMIGRATION AND MIGRATION? WAS THE LARGE |
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00:24:58
| Bill Scanlan WAGE -- WAVE INTENDED TO BUST UNION LABOR CLOUT? GUEST: THE ANSWER TO THE FIRST QUESTION, IMMIGRATION MEANS PEOPLE COMING IN. WE USE THE TERM MIGRATION IT TODAY BECAUSE PEOPLE GO |
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00:25:17
| Alan M. Kraut TO ONE PLACE AND THEN TO ANOTHER PLACE AND A THIRD-PLACE THERE IT THEY HAVE PLACES THAT THEY MOVE. IT'S AN ALL-ENCOMPASSING TERM THAT DESCRIBES THIS VERY DYNAMIC PROCESS. AS FOR BRINGING IN IMMIGRANTS TO BUST THE UNION'S, THAT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS THAT MANY BUSINESS PEOPLE IN THE EARLY PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY FAVORED MIGRATION. THEY WANTED TO CHALLENGE THE UNIONS. UNIONS ON THE OTHER HAND FAVORED RESTRICTIVE LEGISLATION TO PROTECT THE WAGES OF THEIR MEMBERSHIP. IF YOU GO BACK TO THE CONGRESSIONAL DEBATES OVER THE 19 24 LEGISLATION AT, IT'S STRIKING HOW POLITICS MAKES STRANGE BEDFELLOWS. THE AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR WAS ON THE SAME SIDE OF THAT ARGUMENT AS THE KU KLUX KLAN AND THE IMMIGRATION RESTRICTION LEAGUE. THEY WANTED TO PROTECT WAGES OF AMERICAN WORKERS THAT THEY WERE TRYING SO HARD TO BOOST. HOST: LET'S HEAR FROM COLUMBUS, INDIANA. WELCOME, DEBBIE. CALLER: THE FIRST THING I WOULD LIKE TO SAY IS WE NEED TO PROTECT |
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00:26:37
| Bill Scanlan OUR BORDERS. I THINK WE SHOULD HAVE THE MONEY TO DO THAT. THE SECOND THING I WOULD LIKE TO SAY |
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00:26:44
| CALLER IS I HAVE NO PROBLEM WITH THEM BECOMING LEGAL OR GETTING JOBS HERE. IF YOU ARE LEGAL, WE KNOW WHAT'S GOING ON. THEY ARE HELPING THE ECONOMY. IF THEY ARE ILLEGAL, THEY CANNOT DO THAT. THEY GET ON THE WELFARE SYSTEM BECAUSE THEY CAN'T GET A FACTORY JOB. HERE'S THE DEAL READ IF THEY ARE CRIMINALS, THEY SHOULD NOT READ HERE. I THINK THEY SHOULD BE SHIPPED BACK. I DON'T THINK IT'S JUST MEXICANS OR LATINOS. I THINK IT'S ANY ILLEGAL THAT IS A CRIMINAL. WE CAN HAVE THEM FROM AFGHANISTAN, IRAQ, WE ARE NOT JUST TALKING ABOUT LATINOS. WE ARE IN GREAT DANGER OF OTHER TERRORISTS. I THINK THERE ARE GANGS. THERE IS M 13 WRITTEN ALL OVER BUILDINGS. I THINK THOUGH SHOULD BE TOOKEN OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. THERE ARE LEGAL GANGS. WE HAVE THOSE CRIMES GOING ON FROM AMERICAN PEOPLE. WE NEED TO STAY -- STAND UP AND SAY WE DON'T WANT THESE CRIMES. WE WANT OUR BORDERS SAFE. WERE THE ONLY COUNTRY THAT DOESN'T HAVE SAFE BORDERS. WE DON'T STAND UP AGAINST PEOPLE SAYING THAT THESE PEOPLE CAN'T WORK. WHY NOT LET THEM WORK? WE ARE HEADED FOR A LOVE SENIOR CITIZENS, WOULDN'T IT BE BETTER TO HAVE PEOPLE HELPING WITH SOCIAL SECURITY AND MEDICAID AND MEDICARE AND ALL OF THIS STUFF? WOULDN'T WE BE A WONDERFUL COUNTRY IF WE HELPED US PAY OUR BILLS? HOST: SHE TALKED ABOUT BORDER SECURITY. YOU MENTIONED THAT IN THE EARLY DAYS STATES HANDLED BORDER SECURITY. |
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00:28:39
| Alan M. Kraut THAT IS NOW DONE BY THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT. WHAT HAVE BEEN SOME OF THE CHALLENGES OF BORDER PROTECTION SERVICE EVEN IN DAYS WHEN THE STATES WERE DOING IT OVER THE YEARS? GUEST: THE BIGGEST CHALLENGE IS THAT THE BORDER IS HUGE. OUR SOUTHERN BORDER AND OUR NORTHERN BORDER, THERE ARE MANY WAYS TO GET INTO THE UNITED STATES IN AN UNDOCUMENTED FASHION. I ONCE HAD A TALK SHOW HOST SUGGEST TO ME THAT IT WOULD PUT THE MARINES DOWN ON THE BORDER THEY WOULD SECURE THE BORDER FOR SURE. I DON'T THINK THAT'S TRUE. I DON'T THINK THE MARINES WOULD BE ABLE TO SECURE THE AMERICAN BORDER AND SEAL IT OFF IN THE WAY THAT SOMEONE LIKE. THIS COLOR MAKES A VERY IMPORTANT POINT HERE AND THERE'S NOTHING AS IMPORTANT AS OFFERING THOSE WHO ARE COMING TO THE UNITED STATES NOW A PATH TO LEGALITY AND A PATH TO CITIZENSHIP ULTIMATELY. THE EVENT STATES WOULD BENEFIT ENORMOUSLY FROM BRINGING IN YOUNG WORKERS, CREATIVE MINDS, OFFER THEM A PATH TO CITIZENSHIP AND ENCOURAGE THEM TO STAY AND BRING A COUNTRY AND ITS ECONOMY AS IMMIGRANTS HAVE SOMEBODY TIMES IN THE AMERICAN PAST. HOST: IF I COME TO THE COUNTRY TO WORK AND I TRY TO GET ON THAT PATH TO CITIZENSHIP, HOW LONG IS THAT PROCESS? GUEST: IT COULD TAKE A FEW YEARS. |
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00:30:12
| Bill Scanlan HOST: MORE THAN FIVE? GUEST: PERHAPS MORE THAN FIVE. |
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00:30:20
| Alan M. Kraut ONE OF THE ISSUES IN THE PAST HAS BEEN THE |
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00:30:24
| Bill Scanlan ABSENCE OF EFFICIENCY IN PROCESSING THOSE WHO ARE STANDING |
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00:30:27
| Alan M. Kraut IN LINE LEGALLY. THAT HAS PLAYED ITSELF OUT IN AN INTERESTING WAY. THE ONES HE WENT BACK IN THE FACE OF THE RECESSION WERE OFTEN UNDOCUMENTED ALIENS RATHER THAN THOSE WHO HAD STOOD ONLINE FOR YEARS. THEIR INTENTION WAS TO RIDE OUT THE RECESSION IN THE UNITED STATES. THE OTHERS CALCULATED THAT THEY HAD GOTTEN IN ONCE AND THEY COULD DO IT A SECOND TIME IF NEED BE. IT WAS BETTER TO GO HOME AND BE WITH THEIR FAMILIES IF THEY COULDN'T FIND JOBS IN CONSTRUCTION OR YARDWORK OR AGRICULTURAL LABOR AND WHAT THEY WERE DOING. HOST: HAROLD, GOOD MORNING. CALLER: I AM WONDERING IF HE CAN |
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00:31:20
| Bill Scanlan EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE CONGRESSES RIGHTS UNDER |
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00:31:25
| CALLER PASSING IMMIGRATION LEGISLATION AND WHAT IS THE LINE? HOW FAR CAN ANY PRESIDENT GO WITHOUT CONGRESS? GUEST: THAT'S A GOOD QUESTION. THE ANSWER IS TRADITIONALLY IN THE UNITED STATES, CONGRESS HAS THE RIGHT TO PASS LAWS, |
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00:31:50
| Alan M. Kraut INCLUDING LAWS CONCERNING WHO SHOULD COME TO THE ADDED STATES AND SO ON. THAT'S WELL-ESTABLISHED. EXACTLY WHAT THE PREROGATIVES ARE WITH THE PRESIDENT AND TURNS OF PRESIDENTIAL ACTION, WE HAVE PRECEDENT, BUT THERE IS NOTHING WRITTEN DOWN. IT COMES UNDER THE BROAD RUBRIC OF PRESIDENTIAL PREROGATIVE. THE PRESIDENT HAS A GOOD RANGE OF PREROGATIVE IN TERMS OF WHAT HE MAY DO. THE SUSPENSION OF DEPORTATION AND BRINGING IN OF IMMIGRANTS UNDER PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, ESPECIALLY REFUGEES LIKE THE CUBANS IN 1959, THAT IS WELL-ESTABLISHED. HOST: DO WE HAVE ANY CURRENT POLITICAL PRIORITIES THAT ARE GIVEN PRIORITY BECAUSE OF THEIR REFUGEE STATUS? GUEST: WE TAKE A LOOK AT CUBANS |
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00:32:54
| Bill Scanlan THAT WAY. WE HAVE SINCE THE 1950'S IN TERMS OF PRIORITIES. |
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00:33:02
| Alan M. Kraut HOST: LAST THURSDAY, THE QUESTION WAS POSED DID GEORGE H.W. BUSH REALLY PAVE THE WAY FOR OBAMA ON IMMIGRATION? |
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00:33:13
| Bill Scanlan WHAT DID HE DO AND YOUR ANSWER IS NO? GUEST: HE DEFERRED THE DEPORTATION OF CHINESE STUDENTS IN 1989 DURING THE TURMOIL IN CHINA. HE REVERSED VISA |
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00:33:33
| Alan M. Kraut DENIALS TO SOVIETS IN VIETNAMESE IN 1989. IN 1990 HE FOLLOWED UP BY GIVING AMNESTY TO 1.5 MILLION SPOUSES AND CHILDREN. HE DEFERRED DEPORTATION OF GOLF OR IS IT TO EASE -- EVACUEES. HE USED PRESIDENTIAL POWER. HOST: WAS THAT DUE TO THE POLITICAL STATUS? HERE IS LORI WHO IS IN DALLAS, TEXAS. GOOD MORNING. |
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00:34:13
| Bill Scanlan HI THERE. GO AHEAD WITH YOUR COMMENT OR QUESTION. CALLER: THERE ARE THREE OF THEM. |
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00:34:29
| CALLER SHE HAD THE RIGHT IDEA ABOUT THE BORDER PATROL. THE GUY FROM PENNSYLVANIA, I WONDER IF HE IS EVER BEEN OUT OF PENNSYLVANIA. I'VE BEEN TO CANADA. THEY WERE REALLY NICE. THEY WANT TO KNOW WHY YOU'RE THERE. WHEN THEY BRING YOU BACK OVER, THEY ASK YOU A COUPLE OF QUESTIONS. IN TEXAS, THEY DON'T ASK YOU ANYTHING. HOST: THE MEXICAN BORDER GUARDS DON'T ASK YOU ANYTHING? CALLER: WHEN YOU WALK INTO MEXICO. |
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00:35:09
| Bill Scanlan I HAVE A FRIEND WHO LIVES IN ARIZONA, THE BORDER |
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00:35:16
| CALLER PATROL ARE IN THESE AIR-CONDITIONED LITTLE BOXES PLAYING CARDS AND WAVING PEOPLE BUY. YOU SEE ALL OF THESE BRIGHT LIGHTS OUT IN THE DESERT. THERE IS A WHITE THING THAT GOES UP AT NIGHT. HOST: WE HAVEN'T REALLY TALKED ABOUT THE COMMUNITY AND -- IN 80 AND BORDER HISTORICALLY. HAVE THERE EVER BEEN ISSUES IN TERMS OF MIGRATION? |
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00:35:45
| Bill Scanlan GUEST: CERTAINLY NOT IN RECENT TIMES. THIS IS AN ISSUE IN WHICH IT'S BEEN A FAIRLY OPEN BORDER. ESPECIALLY DURING |
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00:35:55
| Alan M. Kraut THE LATE 19TH AND EARLY PART OF THE 20TH CENTURY, IF MIGRANT STOP THERE WERE GOING TO HAVE DIFFICULTY GETTING INTO THE UNITED STATES, THEY MIGHT BE STOPPED AT ELLIS ISLAND BECAUSE THEY WOULD FAIL THE HEALTH INSPECTION, THEY WOULD GO TO CANADA AND CROSS THE BORDER INTO THE UNITED STATES. IT WAS LIGHTLY PATROLLED IN TERMS OF KEEPING PEOPLE OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. HOST: HOW EASY WAS IT FOR AMERICANS WHO FLED TO CANADA IN THE 1960'S TO ESCAPE? |
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00:36:36
| Bill Scanlan GUEST: IT WAS FAIRLY EASY TO GET ACROSS THE BORDER. THE PROBLEM WAS ONCE YOU GOT IN CANADA, COULD YOU GET A JOB? COULD YOU WORK? |
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00:36:46
| Alan M. Kraut THE CANADIAN GOVERNMENT WAS VERY CONCERNED ABOUT YOUNG AMERICANS COMING INTO CANADA AND COMPETING WITH CANADIANS FOR JOBS. GETTING INTO CANADA WAS NOT ALL THAT HARD. HOST: WE HAVE FIVE MORE MINUTES WITH ALAN KRAUT AT AMERICAN UNIVERSITY. |
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00:37:07
| Bill Scanlan ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS. CALLER: I WORK IN THE AIRCRAFT INDUSTRY. YOU HEAR ABOUT ILLEGALS COMING ACROSS THE BORDER. I WORK AT |
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00:37:21
| CALLER A REPAIR FACILITY. 15 TO 20% OF THE PEOPLE WORKING ARE ILLEGAL AND CAN'T READ ENGLISH. THEY HAVE TO HAVE TRANSLATORS TO TRANSLATE THE MANUALS. MY WIFE AND I WE ADOPTED A ROMANIAN. MY WIFE IS CHINESE. IT TOOK ME 10 YEARS TO GET MY KIDS. I'M STILL IN THE PROCESS OF GETTING MY WIFE'S PAPERWORK DONE. OBAMA SLAPPED ME IN THE FACE. WHY NOT OPEN THE BORDERS AND LET EVERYBODY IN? GUEST: I DON'T THINK WE ARE GOING TO OPEN THE BORDER AND LET EVERYBODY IN. I HAVE NO DOUBT THAT THERE ARE PEOPLE IN THE HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIES INCLUDING AIRLINE |
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00:38:17
| Alan M. Kraut CONSTRUCTION AND CERTAINLY IN SILICON VALLEY THAT ARE UNDOCUMENTED IMMIGRANTS WHO WOULD VERY MUCH LIKE TO CHANGE THEIR STATUS AND THEIR EMPLOYERS WOULD LIKE TO CHANGE THEIR STATUS. THEY WANT TO BRING IN HIGH SKILLED PEOPLE. THE ISSUE OF WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU TRY TO ADOPT CHILDREN OR TRY TO BECOME A CITIZEN, IT'S WELL-KNOWN THAT THERE IS A PAPER GLUT. THIS IS WHEN OF THE PROBLEMS WITH THE SYSTEM. THE SYSTEM NEEDS TO BE REFORMED IN SUCH A WAY THAT APPLICATIONS ARE PROCESSED EXPEDITIOUSLY. THAT DOES NOT ALWAYS HAPPEN. HOST: WE HAVEN'T HEARD MUCH ABOUT THIS DEBATE, THE CONCEPT OF BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP. WHAT IS THAT? GUEST: THE 14TH AMENDMENT |
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00:39:10
| Bill Scanlan WAS INTENDED TO EXTEND FULL CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS TO FORMER SLAVES SAID THAT |
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00:39:19
| Alan M. Kraut ANYONE BORN IN THE UNITED STATES WAS BY DEFINITION AN AMERICAN CITIZEN. WE HAVE HAD BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP EVER SINCE. WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT IF A CHILD OF FOREIGN-BORN PARENTS IS BORN ON AMERICAN SOIL, THAT CHILD IS AN AMERICAN CITIZEN. THERE HAVE BEEN ACCUSATIONS WIELDED AGAINST IMMIGRANTS COMING OUT OF LATIN AMERICA NEAR THE TIME OF BIRTH OF THEIR CHILDREN TRY TO GET IN SO THEIR CHILDREN WILL BE AMERICAN-BORN. THOSE ARE STORIES THAT ARE VERY HARD TO VERIFY. IT IS A POINT OF GREAT PRIDE ON THE PART OF MANY IMMIGRANT PARENTS THAT THEY HAVE AMERICAN-BORN CHILDREN. THEY MAY BE FOREIGN-BORN, THEY MAY BE UNDOCUMENTED, THEIR CHILDREN ARE AMERICAN CITIZENS. PART OF WHAT THE PRESIDENT IS CONCERNED ABOUT IS NOT BREAKING UP FAMILIES AND FIGURING OUT WAYS TO MAKE SURE THAT IN A FAMILY, PART OF IT IS NOT SUPPORTED BECAUSE THE CHILD IS A CITIZEN AND THE PARENTS ARE NOT. HOST: OUR VIEWERS CAN READ MORE ABOUT THAT AT THE L.A. TIMES. ONE MORE CALL FROM ST. |
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00:40:43
| Bill Scanlan CHARLES, MISSOURI. CALLER: THERE IS SO MUCH GOING ON WITH THE BORDER. MY PARENTS WERE IMMIGRANTS FROM A CARIBBEAN ISLAND. I BECAME AN IMMIGRANT |
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00:40:57
| CALLER TO CANADA AND THEN TO THE U.S.. I FOLLOWED EVERYTHING THAT IS SECURE. I HAVE BEEN LIVING HERE 20 YEARS AND NOW A CITIZEN. I WENT THROUGH THE LENGTHY PROCESS. IT MADE VERY PROUD TO WHAT I AM TODAY. I THINK UNDER THE CURRENT ADMINISTRATION THE SECURITY COMPONENT IS AT RISK. I SEE SO MANY THINGS AROUND THE WORLD. WHAT HAS HAPPENED TO THE WHITE HOUSE, WHAT IS TAKING PLACE ON THE BORDER. WHEN I THINK OF IF YOU WERE TO SETTLE -- THERE IS NO SECURITY AT THE BORDER. HOST: I WILL LET YOU GO THERE AND GET FINAL THOUGHTS. GUEST: WE HAVE BEEN EXTREMELY SECURITY CONSCIOUS SINCE 9/11. |
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00:42:06
| Bill Scanlan THE SEEMING EASE WITH WHICH THE TERRORISTS |
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00:42:10
| Alan M. Kraut GOT INTO THE UNITED STATES CERTAINLY A MATTER OF CONCERN. WE EXPERIENCE THAT CONCERN EVERY TIME WE GO TO THE AIRPORT AND ARE ASKED TO TAKE OUR SHOES OFF IN OUR BELT OFF AND PASSED THROUGH THE PROCESS. THERE IS NO EASY ANSWER TO THIS. THERE IS NO WAY THAT WE CAN KEEP EVERYONE OUT OF THE UNITED STATES THAT POSES A POTENTIAL THREAT. WE MAKE GREAT EFFORTS AT IT. WE SPEND A GREAT DEAL OF MONEY TRYING TO DO IT. IT IS NOT A FOOLPROOF PROCESS AND I'M NOT SURE WE COULD CREATE ONE. IF PEOPLE WANT TO GET IN TO DO US HARM, POLICE ARE CONSTANTLY INVESTIGATING POTENTIAL THREATS AND THERE IS NO WAY TO KEEP OUT TERRORISTS IF THEY CROSS THE BORDER. THAT IS NOT TO SAY THAT THERE ARE TERRORISTS AMONG THE IMMIGRANTS. OR COULD BE TERRORISTS AMONG THE VISITORS. THAT IS WHAT MAKES THIS SUCH A DIFFICULT PROCESS. WE WILL NOT MASTER THIS IN THE NEAR FUTURE. HOST: PAUL KRAUT IS WITH AMERICAN UNIVERSITY HERE IN WASHINGTON. WE APPRECIATE YOU JOINING US HERE THIS MORNING. NEXT, WE WILL LOOK AT THE STATE OF HOMELESSNESS IN THE UNITED |
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00:43:31
| Bill Scanlan STATES. WE WILL BE JOINED BY JERRY JONES. LATER ON, WE WILL TALK ABOUT PUBLIC POLICY AFFECTING THE NATIVE AMERICAN COMMUNITY. >> |
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